Study TipsMay 19, 20266 min read
MDCAT Reproduction 2026 — Male, Female & Hormonal Cycles
Premeth Team
Meth Experts
Reproduction delivers 4–6 of the 81 MDCAT Biology MCQs. Mastering hormones of the menstrual cycle, the difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis, and early embryonic stages covers 90% of typically-asked content.
- Estimated MCQs — 4–6 of 81 Biology
- Key hormones — FSH, LH, Oestrogen, Progesterone, hCG
- Menstrual cycle phases — Follicular, Ovulation (day 14), Luteal
Source: PMDC MDCAT 2026 syllabus.
Spermatogenesis vs Oogenesis
- Spermatogenesis — in testes; spermatogonium → primary spermatocyte (meiosis I) → secondary spermatocyte (meiosis II) → 4 spermatids → 4 sperm. Continuous from puberty.
- Oogenesis — in ovaries; oogonium → primary oocyte (arrested in prophase I from birth) → secondary oocyte (meiosis I at ovulation) + polar body → ovum (meiosis II at fertilisation) + polar body. Net 1 ovum per primary oocyte.
Menstrual Cycle (28 days)
- Days 1–5 — menstruation (shedding endometrium).
- Days 6–13 — follicular phase. FSH stimulates follicle growth; oestrogen rises.
- Day 14 — LH surge → ovulation.
- Days 15–28 — luteal phase. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone; if no fertilisation, breaks down by day 28.
Early Embryology
- Fertilisation occurs in fallopian tube (ampulla).
- Zygote → cleavage → morula (16-cell) → blastula (blastocyst).
- Implantation ~day 7 after fertilisation; hCG produced for pregnancy maintenance.
- Gastrulation forms 3 germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.
FAQ
Q: Site of fertilisation?
Fallopian tube (ampulla region), not uterus.
Q: hCG — where produced?
Trophoblast cells of the embryo; basis of pregnancy tests.
Pair with our Genetics guide and drill MCQs from the Biology archive.
Related Tags
#MDCAT#Biology#Reproduction#Embryology
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