Sindh Botany 2018 — Solved MCQs

Question 1

The producers of a pond ecosystem are:

Accepted Answer

A. PhytopIankton — Phytoplankton: Phytoplankton are microscopic plants, such as algae and cyanobacteria, that produce their own food through photosynthesis. They are the primary producers of the pond ecosystem, converting sunlight into energy and organic matter.

Question 2

A type of orderly programmed cell - death is:

Accepted Answer

B. Apoptosis — Apoptosis: Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death, where cells undergo a controlled and regulated death, characterized by specific morphological and biochemical changes. It is a natural process that occurs in development, growth, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.

Question 3

In epigeal germination, cotyledons are carried above the soil due to rapid growth-of:

Accepted Answer

B. Hypocotyl — Hypocotyl: The hypocotyl is the stem of a plant embryo, connecting the cotyledons to the radicle. In epigeal germination, rapid growth of the hypocotyl pushes the cotyledons upwards, above the soil surface.

Question 4

Promotion of flowering-by cold treatment to the imbibed seeds is called:

Accepted Answer

B. Vernalization — B) Vernalization: Vernalization is a process where plants are exposed to cold temperatures to induce flowering and accelerate growth. It involves treating imbibed seeds with cold temperatures to break dormancy and promote flowering.

Question 5

Germination of seed within the fruit while still attached to the plant is:

Accepted Answer

C. Viviparous — Viviparous: Viviparous germination refers to the process where seeds germinate and produce seedlings while still attached to the parent plant, within the fruit or flower. This is the correct answer!

Question 6

Movement unrealed to the direction of diffused stimuli is:

Accepted Answer

A. nastic movement — The correct answer is A) Nastic movement.Nastic movement refers to a type of plant movement that occurs in response to diffuse stimuli, such as light, temperature, or touch, but is not directional, meaning it does not move towards or away from the stimulus. Examples of nastic movements include the opening and closing of flowers, the folding of leaves, and the bending of stems.

Question 7

When the growth of the main axis scops, due to a flower on tip the in inflorescence is called:

Accepted Answer

A. cymose — Cymose refers to a type of inflorescence (flowering stem) where the main axis terminates in a flower, and the growth of the stem is stopped. This is in contrast to racemose inflorescences, where the stem continues to grow and produce new flowers.In a cymose inflorescence, the flowers are typically arranged in a dichasial or monochasial pattern, with the oldest flower at the tip of the stem and newer flowers branching off from below.

Question 8

Both polynucleotide strands of DNA remain separated by:

Accepted Answer

A. 20 A — The B-DNA is 20 Angstroms wide, and the distance between base sets is 3.4 Angstroms, or 0.34 nm. The base matching of inverse strands is stereo chemically specific, with adenine constantly blending with thymine and guanine constantly blending with cytosine.

Question 9

Information from DNA, regarding the amino acid sequence of a protein, is copied into;

Accepted Answer

A. mRNA — A) mRNA (Messenger RNA): mRNA is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, specifying the amino acid sequence of a protein. During transcription, the information from DNA is copied into mRNA, which then travels out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm to guide protein synthesis.

Question 10

The tendency of genes located on the same chromosome to inherit together is called:

Accepted Answer

D. linkage — Explanation will be added soon

Question 11

The result of Fl generation for colour blindness of a carrier female is crossed with a normal male will be :

Accepted Answer

A. son 25% colour blind, daughter 50% carrier — The correct answer is A) Son 25% color blind and daughter 50% carrier.- The carrier female (Xc) is heterozygous for the color blindness gene, meaning she has one normal allele (X) and one mutated allele (c).- The normal male (X) is homozygous for the normal allele.- When they cross, the offspring will inherit one X chromosome from each parent.- Sons (XY) will inherit the Y chromosome from the father and one X chromosome from the mother. If they inherit the mutated allele (c), they will be color blind (25% chance).- Daughters (XX) will inherit one X chromosome from each parent. If they inherit one normal allele (X) and one mutated allele (c), they will be carriers (50% chance).So, the result of the F1 generation is:- Sons: 25% color blind (XcY)- Daughters: 50% carriers (XcX)

Question 12

Crossing over takes place during:

Accepted Answer

C. pachytene — Pachytene:Pachytene is the third stage of prophase I, where homologous chromosomes are fully paired and exchanged genetic material through crossing over. Crossing over takes place during pachytene, creating chiasmata and increasing genetic diversity.

Question 13

The term ecosystem was first introduced in 1935 by:

Accepted Answer

A. Tansely — The correct answer is A) Tansley ¹ ². - A) Tansley: The term ecosystem was first introduced in 1935 by British ecologist Arthur Tansley. He was strongly influenced by Danish botanist Eugenius Warming and defined an ecosystem as "the whole system, ... including not only the organism-complex, but also the whole complex of physical factors forming what we call the environment."

Question 14

Exudation of water by hydathodes is:

Accepted Answer

B. Guttation — Guttation is the process by which plants release water droplets through specialized structures called hydathodes, typically in the morning. This is the correct answer, as hydathodes are responsible for guttation.Hydathodes are specialized structures that allow plants to release excess water, often in the form of droplets, through a process called guttation (Option B).

Question 15

The relationship between members of two different species in which both get benefit is:

Accepted Answer

B. Mutualism — Explanation will be added soon

Question 16

The study of surface texture of the earth is termed as:

Accepted Answer

B. Topography — Explanation will be added soon

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