MDCAT Kingdom Plantae & Animalia 2026

Plant Divisions

• Bryophyta — mosses, no vascular tissue, gametophyte dominant
• Pteridophyta — ferns, vascular but no seeds
• Gymnosperms — conifers, naked seeds
• Angiosperms — flowering plants, enclosed seeds; monocot vs dicot

Major Animal Phyla

• Porifera (sponges), Cnidaria (jellyfish), Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
• Nematoda (roundworms), Annelida (segmented worms)
• Arthropoda (largest phylum: insects, crustaceans)
• Mollusca, Echinodermata, Chordata (vertebrates)