Sindh Mdcat Exclusive Course Biology Reproduction — Solved MCQs

Question 1

Which part of the male reproductive system produces gametes?

Accepted Answer

C. Seminiferous tubules — Male gametes are produced in the seminiferous tubules in the testis. Each testis consists of a highly complex duct system called the seminiferous tubules. Which repeated cell division produces spermatogonia, which increases n size and differentiates into primary spermatocytes, which undergo meiotic division to produce secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. Eventually, the spermatids differentiate into mature sperms, which are the male gametes.

Question 2

To overcome infertility, which technique is used?

Accepted Answer

A. In vitro fertilization — In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a widely used assisted reproductive technology. It involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside the body, typically in a laboratory dish. The fertilized embryo is then implanted into the uterus. IVF can be used to overcome various causes of infertility, including issues with fallopian tubes, low sperm count, or unexplained infertility.

Question 3

The uterus of the female reproductive system opens into the _.

Accepted Answer

C. Cervix — The vagina is the canal that joins the "cervix" (lower portion of the uterus which acts as a passageway through which the baby exits and enters vagina) to the outside of the body. It is also known as the "birth canal".

Question 4

Treponema pallidum causes:

Accepted Answer

A. Syphilis — Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious (STI) disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

Question 5

Amniocentesis is performed between:

Accepted Answer

A. 16th and 18th week of gestation — Amniocentesis is performed between the 16th and 18th week of gestation.

Question 6

Which one of the following represents the changes that occur in the ovary and the uterus approximately every 28 days involving ovulation with the breakdown and loss of the lining of the uterus?

Accepted Answer

B. Menstrual cycle — Changes that occur in females in ovary and uterus every 28 days is collectively referred to as menstrual cycle.

Question 7

Which of the following hormones of the pituitary gland regulates the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

C. Follicle Stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone — Four hormones are primarily active in the menstrual cycle namely; FSH: Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. In women, FSH helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries. LH: Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It also triggers the release of an egg from the ovary in the process known as 'ovulation'. (Option C is therefore correct since both; FSH and LH are produced by the pituitary gland)Estrogen: The ovaries, which produce the eggs, are the main source of estrogen from your body. In females, it helps to develop and maintain both the reproductive system and female characteristics, such as the breasts and pubic hair. Estrogen causes the uterine lining to grow and thicken to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. Progesterone: The corpus luteum in the ovaries, and the placenta, after the embedding of the zygote in the uterus lining, tend to release progesterone. The hormone prepares the endometrium lining to receive and nourish a fertilized egg. If pregnancy does not occur, estrogen and progesterone levels decrease. The decrease in progesterone triggers menstruation or shedding of the lining. Once the lining is completely shed, a new menstrual cycle begins.

Question 8

The diagram shows part of a flower after it has been pollinated:

Accepted Answer

B. Option B — Pericarp refers to the part of a fruit formed from the wall of the ripened ovary.

Question 9

Hydra reproduces asexually by:

Accepted Answer

C. Budding — Hydra reproduce asexually by budding. The buds form from the body wall, grow into miniature adults and break away when mature. When a hydra is well fed, a new bud can form every two days. Refer to the diagram below:

Question 10

The primary oocyte in mammals has which of the following structures around it?

Accepted Answer

A. Zona Pellucida — Among the given options, the correct structure that surrounds the primary oocyte in mammals is the Zona Pellucida.Zona Pellucida: The Zona Pellucida is a thick glycoprotein-rich layer that surrounds the mammalian oocyte. It is formed by the secretions of the oocyte itself and the surrounding follicle cells. The Zona Pellucida plays a crucial role in fertilization by mediating the interaction between sperm and oocyte and preventing polyspermy (fertilization by more than one sperm).Zona Vasculosa: The term "Zona Vasculosa" typically refers to the vascular zone found in the embryonic chick blastoderm, which is different from the structures surrounding the primary oocyte in mammals. It is responsible for supplying nutrients and oxygen to the developing embryo.Zona Radiata: The term "Zona Radiata" is often used to describe the outermost layer of the mammalian ovarian follicle. It consists of several layers of follicular cells that surround the Zona Pellucida. The Zona Radiata provides structural support and aids in the maturation and release of the oocyte during ovulation.In summary, the correct structure that surrounds the primary oocyte in mammals is the Zona Pellucida. The Zona Vasculosa refers to a vascular zone in the embryonic chick blastoderm, and the Zona Radiata describes the outermost layer of the ovarian follicle in mammals.

Question 11

In which of the following options is mitotic division involved?

Accepted Answer

A. Oogonium to primary oocyte — In oogenesis, diploid oogonium goes through mitosis until one develops into a primary oocyte, which will begin the first meiotic division, but then arrest; it will finish this division as it develops in the follicle, giving rise to a haploid secondary oocyte and a smaller polar body. Thus, "Option A" is the correct answer.

Question 12

In human (males), the inhibin hormone is produced by:

Accepted Answer

C. Sertoli cells — In the male, inhibin B is produced in the testis, principally by the Sertoli cells.

Question 13

In meiosis II, _ differentiate into sperms.

Accepted Answer

B. Spermatids — Through meiosis sperms are produced. A primary spermatocyte is transformed into two secondary spermatocytes during meiosis I - these cells then in turn are converted into (1N) spermatids during meiosis II.

Question 14

Ovulation is induced by _ hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

C. Luteinizing hormone — Luteinizing hormone (LH), aids in egg maturation and provides the hormonal trigger to cause ovulation and the release of eggs from the ovary.

Question 15

Fallopian tube in humans is important for:

Accepted Answer

C. Secondary oocyte — Option A: Ovulation is the process of the release of an egg from the ovary. The fallopian tube is not involved in ovulation. Option B: Primary oocytes are immature eggs that are produced in the ovaries. They are not released from the ovaries until they mature into secondary oocytes. The fallopian tube is not involved in the production or maturation of oocytes. Option C: Secondary oocytes are mature eggs that are released from the ovaries. They travel down the fallopian tube to the uterus, where they can be fertilized by sperm. The fallopian tube is important for the transport of secondary oocytes to the uterus. Option D: Ova are not produced or matured in the fallopian tube. The fallopian tube is only involved in the transport of ova to the uterus.

Question 16

Four words are shown below:Branchioceranthus - sexual reproduction - nutritive - HydraThese words can be used in the spaces P, Q, R, and S to complete the sentence below:The coelenterates range in size from microscopic _P_ to macroscopic, _Q_, a hydrozoan polyp that may reach two meters in length. Cnidarians are found in two basic forms: the polyps and the medusae. Polyps are cylindrical animals, which in most cases are _R_ in function, hence named as gastrozooids. The medusae are umbrella-like in form. These are free-swimming. The medusae are involved in _S_ as they have gonads.

Accepted Answer

B. Option B — Branchioceranthus is macroscopic and hydra is microscopic. P = Hydra Q =Branchioceranthus R = nutritive S= Sexual reproduction

Question 17

In gametogenesis, which resultant product is non-functional?

Accepted Answer

C. Polar body — A polar body is a small haploid cell that is formed concomitantly as an egg cell during oogenesis but generally does not have the ability to be fertilized.

Question 18

Which of the following is found beneath the prostate gland?

Accepted Answer

D. Cowper's gland — The external urethral sphincter muscle is beneath the prostate where it wraps around the urethra help to control ejaculatory and urinary flow.

Question 19

In the male reproductive tract, sperm cells follow a specific path. Which of the following do sperm cells enter after traveling through the epididymis?

Accepted Answer

D. Vas deferens — The correct sequence for transport of sperm cells in male reproductive system is Seminiferous tubules → Rete testis → Vasa efferentia → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Urethral meatus.

Question 20

Nutrition to egg in ovary is provided by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

C. Follicle cells — Graafian follicle is a fluid-filled sac that surrounds the developing egg. It is located in the ovary and it is responsible for providing the egg with nutrients and protection.

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