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Kpk Biology 2012 Paper 1 — Solved Past Paper with Answers
All 18 MCQs from Kpk Biology 2012 Paper 1, solved with the correct answer highlighted and a full explanation for every question. This is a free MDCAT KPK / ETEA past paper — no signup, no ads. Practise it interactively in timed mode, drill more with free MDCAT MCQs, or browse all KPK / ETEA papers.
Attempt this paper interactively →Q1. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is responsible for the Formation of
- A. Greenhouse gas
- B. Acid rain✓
- C. Ozone
- D. Global
Explanation: The combustion of fuels like coal and petroleum generates sulfur dioxide since they contain sulfur compounds. When SO2 comes in contact with water and O2, oxidation occurs, which leads to the formation of H2SO4 and thus acid rain.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. The combustion of fuels like coal and petroleum generates sulfur dioxide since they contain sulfur compounds. When SO2 comes in contact with water and O2, oxidation occurs, which leads to the formation of H2SO4 and thus acid rain.
- C. The combustion of fuels like coal and petroleum generates sulfur dioxide since they contain sulfur compounds. When SO2 comes in contact with water and O2, oxidation occurs, which leads to the formation of H2SO4 and thus acid rain.
- D. The combustion of fuels like coal and petroleum generates sulfur dioxide since they contain sulfur compounds. When SO2 comes in contact with water and O2, oxidation occurs, which leads to the formation of H2SO4 and thus acid rain.
Q2. In chromosome the material controlling heredity is...
- A. Histone
- B. All of these
- C. DNA✓
- D. RNA
Explanation: DNA is the genetic material which is inherited from parents to offsprings.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A type of protein found in chromosomes. Histones bind to DNA, help give chromosomes their shape, and help control the activity of genes. Enlarge. Structure of DNA. Most DNA is found inside the nucleus of a cell, where it forms the chromosomes.
- B. This is incorrect.
- D. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses. It is made up of nucleotides, which are ribose sugars attached to nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups. The nitrogenous bases include adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine.
Q3. The excretory structure that delivers urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is...
- A. Collecting ducts
- B. Renal medulla
- C. Ureter✓
- D. Urethra
Explanation: The ureters carry the urine away from kidneys to the urinary bladder, which is a temporary reservoir for the urine. The urethra is a tubular structure that carries the urine from the urinary bladder to the outside.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. The last part of a long, twisting tube that collects urine from the nephrons (cellular structures in the kidney that filter blood and form urine) and moves it into the renal pelvis and ureters. Also called renal collecting tubule.
- B. The renal or kidney medulla is the inner part of the kidney. The medulla helps regulate the concentration of urine by filtering out water, salts, and acid.
- D. The urethra is the tube that lets urine leave your bladder and your body. If you were assigned male at birth, your urethra passes through your prostate and into your penis. If you were assigned female at birth, your urethra is much shorter. It runs from your bladder to open in front of your vagina.
Q4. Which plant hormone causes the dormancy of seed?
- A. Auxin
- B. Abscisic acid✓
- C. Ethene
- D. Gibberellins
Explanation: Abscisic acid (ABA) is the sole plant hormone known to maintain seed dormancy; it acts through a gene expression network involving the transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3).
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Auxin promotes cell growth and elongation of the plant. In the elongation process, auxin alters the plant wall plasticity making it easier for the plant to grow upwards. Auxin also influences rooting formations.
- C. Ethylene is regarded as a multifunctional phytohormone that regulates both growth, and senescence. It promotes or inhibits growth and senescence processes depending on its concentration, timing of application, and the plant species.
- D. Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that regulate various developmental processes, including stem elongation, germination, dormancy, flowering, flower development, and leaf and fruit senescence. GAs are one of the longest-known classes of plant hormone.
Q5. The outermost extra embryonic membrane is...
- A. Yolksac
- B. Amnion
- C. Chorion✓
- D. Allantois
Explanation: The chorion is one of the embryonic membranous structures that encloses the fetus and the amnion. The chorion begins to form chorionic villi towards its outer surface, which initially serves to provide nutrition to the developing embryo. Chorion. The chorion is the outermost extraembryonic membrane, which is the bridge between the embryonic membranes and the placenta.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. The yolk sac, or umbilical vesicle, is a small membranous structure outside the embryo with various functions during embryonic development. The yolk sac reduces in size, communicates ventrally with the developing embryo via the yolk stalk, and later regresses.
- B. thin membrane forming a closed sac about the embryo or fetus of a reptile, bird, or mammal and containing a watery fluid in which the embryo or fetus is immersed.
- D. The allantois is the embryonic precursor of the umbilical cord in mammals and is one of several embryonic regions, including the yolk sac and dorsal aorta, that undergoes vasculogenesis, the de novo formation of blood vessels.
Q6. The number of stop condon is.......
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3✓
- D. 4
Explanation: There are 64 different trinucleotide codons: 61 specify amino acids and 3 are stop codons (i.e., UAA, UAG and UGA).
Why the other options are wrong
- A. There are 64 different trinucleotide codons: 61 specify amino acids and 3 are stop codons (i.e., UAA, UAG and UGA).
- B. There are 64 different trinucleotide codons: 61 specify amino acids and 3 are stop codons (i.e., UAA, UAG and UGA).
- D. There are 64 different trinucleotide codons: 61 specify amino acids and 3 are stop codons (i.e., UAA, UAG and UGA).
Q7. The major waste product in aquatic Animal is.
- A. Ammonia✓
- B. Urea
- C. Uric Acid
- D. Ammonium Salt
Explanation: Generally, aquatic animals excrete mostly ammonia, whereas terrestrial animals excrete either urea or uric acid. Ammonia, urea and uric acid are transported across cell membranes by different mechanisms corresponding to their different chemical properties in solution.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. Generally, aquatic animals excrete mostly ammonia, whereas terrestrial animals excrete either urea or uric acid.
- C. Generally, aquatic animals excrete mostly ammonia, whereas terrestrial animals excrete either urea or uric acid.
- D. Generally, aquatic animals excrete mostly ammonia, whereas terrestrial animals excrete either urea or uric acid.
Q8. Insulin is secreted by endocrine gland called.
- A. Thyroid
- B. Adrenal
- C. Pancreas✓
- D. Parathyroid
Explanation: For instance, the pancreas secretes insulin, which allows the body to regulate levels of sugar in the blood.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Your thyroid is a small, bow-shaped gland that sits in the front of your neck. Your thyroid gland makes 3 thyroid hormones: thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and calcitonin. Thyroid problems, such as an overactive or underactive thyroid, are common.
- B. The adrenal cortex produces several hormones. The most important are aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid), cortisol (a glucocorticoid), and androgens and estrogen (sex hormones). Aldosterone helps the kidneys control the amount of salt in the blood and tissues of the body.
- D. Parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone, which plays a key role in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood. Precise calcium levels are important in the human body, since small changes can cause muscle and nerve problems.
Q9. Menstrual stage usually last for
- A. 2 days✓
- B. 4days
- C. 6days
- D. 8days
Explanation: Periods last around 2 to 7 days, and women lose about 20 to 90ml (about 1 to 5 tablespoons) of blood in a period. Some women bleed more heavily than this, but help is available if heavy periods are a problem. Find out about heavy periods.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. Periods last around 2 to 7 days, and women lose about 20 to 90ml (about 1 to 5 tablespoons) of blood in a period. Some women bleed more heavily than this, but help is available if heavy periods are a problem. Find out about heavy periods.
- C. Periods last around 2 to 7 days, and women lose about 20 to 90ml (about 1 to 5 tablespoons) of blood in a period. Some women bleed more heavily than this, but help is available if heavy periods are a problem. Find out about heavy periods.
- D. Periods last around 2 to 7 days, and women lose about 20 to 90ml (about 1 to 5 tablespoons) of blood in a period. Some women bleed more heavily than this, but help is available if heavy periods are a problem. Find out about heavy periods.
Q10. Spindle apparatus is made of
- A. Tubulin✓
- B. Actin
- C. Histone
- D. Myosin
Explanation: The mitotic spindle is a highly dynamic molecular machine composed of tubulin, motors, and other molecules. It assembles around the chromosomes and distributes the duplicated genome to the daughter cells during mitosis. The biochemical and physical principles that govern the assembly of this machine are still unclear.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. The mitotic spindle is a highly dynamic molecular machine composed of tubulin, motors, and other molecules. It assembles around the chromosomes and distributes the duplicated genome to the daughter cells during mitosis. The biochemical and physical principles that govern the assembly of this machine are still unclear.
- C. The mitotic spindle is a highly dynamic molecular machine composed of tubulin, motors, and other molecules. It assembles around the chromosomes and distributes the duplicated genome to the daughter cells during mitosis. The biochemical and physical principles that govern the assembly of this machine are still unclear.
- D. The mitotic spindle is a highly dynamic molecular machine composed of tubulin, motors, and other molecules. It assembles around the chromosomes and distributes the duplicated genome to the daughter cells during mitosis. The biochemical and physical principles that govern the assembly of this machine are still unclear.
Q11. Myosin and... helps in the contraction of muscles.
- A. Myoglobin
- B. Actin✓
- C. Troponin
- D. Tropomyosin
Explanation: Muscle contraction thus results from an interaction between the actin and myosin filaments that generates their movement relative to one another. The molecular basis for this interaction is the binding of myosin to actin filaments, allowing myosin to function as a motor that drives filament sliding.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Muscle contraction thus results from an interaction between the actin and myosin filaments that generates their movement relative to one another. The molecular basis for this interaction is the binding of myosin to actin filaments, allowing myosin to function as a motor that drives filament sliding.
- C. Muscle contraction thus results from an interaction between the actin and myosin filaments that generates their movement relative to one another. The molecular basis for this interaction is the binding of myosin to actin filaments, allowing myosin to function as a motor that drives filament sliding.
- D. Muscle contraction thus results from an interaction between the actin and myosin filaments that generates their movement relative to one another. The molecular basis for this interaction is the binding of myosin to actin filaments, allowing myosin to function as a motor that drives filament sliding.
Q12. Cambium is found in dicots and.....
- A. Herbaceous
- B. Monocots plants
- C. Angiosperms
- D. Gymnosperms✓
Explanation: Lateral meristems are cylinders of dividing cells. They are present in dicots and gymnosperms. Vascular and cork cambium are the examples of lateral meristem.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Lateral meristems are cylinders of dividing cells. They are present in dicots and gymnosperms. Vascular and cork cambium are the examples of lateral meristem.
- B. Lateral meristems are cylinders of dividing cells. They are present in dicots and gymnosperms. Vascular and cork cambium are the examples of lateral meristem.
- C. Lateral meristems are cylinders of dividing cells. They are present in dicots and gymnosperms. Vascular and cork cambium are the examples of lateral meristem.
Q13. Osteoporosis (softening of bones) is caused by malfunctioning of .......
- A. Thyroid
- B. Islets of Langerhans
- C. Parathyroid✓
- D. Adrenal
Explanation: Osteomalacia is softening of the bones. It most often occurs because of a problem with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium. Your body needs calcium to maintain the strength and hardness of your bones. In children, the condition is called rickets.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Osteomalacia is softening of the bones. It most often occurs because of a problem with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium. Your body needs calcium to maintain the strength and hardness of your bones. In children, the condition is called rickets.
- B. Osteomalacia is softening of the bones. It most often occurs because of a problem with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium. Your body needs calcium to maintain the strength and hardness of your bones. In children, the condition is called rickets.
- D. Osteomalacia is softening of the bones. It most often occurs because of a problem with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium. Your body needs calcium to maintain the strength and hardness of your bones. In children, the condition is called rickets.
Q14. Cleavage in bird's egg is.
- A. Ciscoidal
- B. Hypoblastic
- C. kiduma
- D. Discoidal✓
Explanation: The egg is telolecithal (like that of the fish), with a small disc of cytoplasm sitting atop a large yolk. Like fish eggs, the yolky eggs of birds undergo discoidal meroblastic cleavage. Cleavage occurs only in the blastodisc, a small disc of cytoplasm 2–3 mm in diameter at the animal pole of the egg cell.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. The egg is telolecithal (like that of the fish), with a small disc of cytoplasm sitting atop a large yolk. Like fish eggs, the yolky eggs of birds undergo discoidal meroblastic cleavage. Cleavage occurs only in the blastodisc, a small disc of cytoplasm 2–3 mm in diameter at the animal pole of the egg cell.
- B. In amniote embryology, the hypoblast is one of two distinct layers arising from the inner cell mass in the mammalian blastocyst, or from the blastodisc in reptiles and birds. The hypoblast gives rise to the yolk sac, which in turn gives rise to the chorion.
- C. The egg is telolecithal (like that of the fish), with a small disc of cytoplasm sitting atop a large yolk. Like fish eggs, the yolky eggs of birds undergo discoidal meroblastic cleavage. Cleavage occurs only in the blastodisc, a small disc of cytoplasm 2–3 mm in diameter at the animal pole of the egg cell.
Q15. Hormone that makes the uterus soft is
- A. Follicle
- B. Estrogen
- C. Progestrone✓
- D. Luteinizing
Explanation: Progesterone works by thickening your uterine lining and creating a good environment for a fertilized egg to implant. If an egg isn't fertilized during that cycle (meaning you don't get pregnant), the corpus luteum breaks down, which decreases progesterone levels.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus.[1] FSH plays a role in sexual development and reproduction in both males and females.
- B. Estrogens are a group of hormones that play an important role in the normal sexual and reproductive development in women. They are also sex hormones. The woman's ovaries make most estrogen hormones, although the adrenal glands and fat cells also make small amounts of the hormones.
- D. Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a glycoprotein hormone that is co-secreted along with follicle-stimulating hormone by the gonadotrophin cells in the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary). Luteinizing hormone is a part of a neurological pathway comprised of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and gonads.
Q16. The resemblance of phenotypic and genotypic ratio in the F2 generation is an example of.....
- A. Co-dominance
- B. Complete dominance
- C. Overdominence
- D. Incomplete dominance✓
Explanation: In incomplete dominance, a cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits. Consider an example of red flower and white flower. When they are cross-bred, in F1 generation all the flowers will be pink (R1 R2). When F1 generation is self-pollinated, we get one red (R1 R1) flower, two pink (R1 R2) flowers and one white (R2 R2) flower. So the ratio for incomplete dominance is 1:2:1 for both, genotype as well phenotype in F2 generation. Thus, the correct answer is 'Incomplete dominance'.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. In incomplete dominance, a cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits. Consider an example of red flower and white flower. When they are cross-bred, in F1 generation all the flowers will be pink (R1 R2). When F1 generation is self-pollinated, we get one red (R1 R1) flower, two pink (R1 R2) flowers and one white (R2 R2) flower. So the ratio for incomplete dominance is 1:2:1 for both, genotype as well phenotype in F2 generation. Thus, the correct answer is 'Incomplete dominance'.
- B. In incomplete dominance, a cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits. Consider an example of red flower and white flower. When they are cross-bred, in F1 generation all the flowers will be pink (R1 R2). When F1 generation is self-pollinated, we get one red (R1 R1) flower, two pink (R1 R2) flowers and one white (R2 R2) flower. So the ratio for incomplete dominance is 1:2:1 for both, genotype as well phenotype in F2 generation. Thus, the correct answer is 'Incomplete dominance'.
- C. In incomplete dominance, a cross between organisms with two different phenotypes produces offspring with a third phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits. Consider an example of red flower and white flower. When they are cross-bred, in F1 generation all the flowers will be pink (R1 R2). When F1 generation is self-pollinated, we get one red (R1 R1) flower, two pink (R1 R2) flowers and one white (R2 R2) flower. So the ratio for incomplete dominance is 1:2:1 for both, genotype as well phenotype in F2 generation. Thus, the correct answer is 'Incomplete dominance'.
Q17. Opening and dosing of oxalis flower during day and night respectively is an example of
- A. Photonsaty✓
- B. Thermonasty
- C. Epinasty
- D. Hyponasty
Explanation: The response that is produced by the plants against light availability is called Photonasty. An example of photonastic movement is Oxalis flowers which are open during the daytime and closed during night time.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. Flower opening in certain crocus and tulip species is also known to be thermonastic. These movements are thought to be regulated by having unequal cell elongation in certain plant tissues, causing different tissues to bend.
- C. Leaf epinasty involves the downward bending of leaves as a result of disturbances in their growth, with a greater expansion in adaxial cells as compared to abaxial surface cells. The co-ordinated anisotropy of growth in epidermal, palisade mesophyll and vascular tissues contributes to epinasty.
- D. Petiole hyponasty is upward movement driven by a higher rate of cell expansion on the lower (abaxial) compared with the upper (adaxial) side. Hyponasty is common among rosette species facing environmental stresses such as flooding, proximity of neighbours or elevated ambient temperature.
Q18. Synapsis take place during while
- A. Dikinasis
- B. Zygotene✓
- C. Diplotene
- D. Pachytene
Explanation: Synapsis takes place during the zygotene stage of prophase I of meiosis.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Synapsis takes place during the zygotene stage of prophase I of meiosis.
- C. Synapsis takes place during the zygotene stage of prophase I of meiosis.
- D. Synapsis takes place during the zygotene stage of prophase I of meiosis.
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