Home/Past Papers/KPK / ETEA/Kpk Biology 2013
Kpk Biology 2013 — Solved Past Paper with Answers
All 19 MCQs from Kpk Biology 2013, solved with the correct answer highlighted and a full explanation for every question. This is a free MDCAT KPK / ETEA past paper — no signup, no ads. Practise it interactively in timed mode, drill more with free MDCAT MCQs, or browse all KPK / ETEA papers.
Attempt this paper interactively →Q1. The flame cells are the organs of excretionin
- A. Planaria✓
- B. Cockroach
- C. Earthworm
- D. Hydra
Explanation: The flame cells are the organs of excretion in A) planaria.A) Planaria: - Planaria are flatworms belonging to the class Turbellaria. They possess specialized excretory structures called flame cells, also known as protonephridia. Flame cells are responsible for osmoregulation and excretion by filtering waste and excess fluids from the interstitial fluid and expelling them through excretory ducts.Therefore, the correct answer is A) planaria, as flame cells serve as the organs of excretion in these organisms.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. B) Cockroach: - Cockroaches belong to the class Insecta. They have Malpighian tubules as their primary excretory organs. Malpighian tubules are blind-ended tubules located in the digestive system that remove nitrogenous wastes and excess ions from the hemolymph (insect blood) and excrete them as uric acid.
- C. C) Earthworm: - Earthworms belong to the class Oligochaeta. They possess nephridia as their excretory organs. Nephridia are tubular structures distributed along the length of the earthworm's body, responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the coelomic fluid and excreting them through nephridiopores.
- D. D) Hydra: - Hydra are simple freshwater organisms belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. They do not possess specialized excretory organs like flame cells. Instead, waste removal in hydra primarily occurs through simple diffusion across cell membranes.
Q2. - The major factors responsible for growth in plants
- A. Food and water
- B. Temperature and oxygan
- C. Oxygen and sunlight
- D. All of them✓
Explanation: - All of the factors mentioned (food, water, temperature, oxygen, and sunlight) are crucial for plant growth. Water and nutrients provide the raw materials for growth, temperature and oxygen influence metabolic processes, and sunlight provides the energy source for photosynthesis, which drives plant growth.Therefore, the correct answer is D) all, as all of these factors play essential roles in supporting the growth and development of plants.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A) Food and water: - Plants require water for turgor pressure, nutrient transport, and photosynthesis. They also need nutrients obtained from soil or fertilizers, which serve as food sources for growth and development.
- B. B) Temperature and oxygen: - Temperature affects plant metabolism, enzyme activity, and the rate of biochemical reactions. Oxygen is essential for respiration, which provides energy for growth processes and is involved in various metabolic pathways.
- C. C) Oxygen and sunlight: - Oxygen is necessary for respiration, which releases energy for cellular processes. Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis, where plants convert light energy into chemical energy, providing the building blocks for growth and development.
Q3. Rh-antigen was first discovered in.......
- A. Human Man
- B. Chirupanae
- C. Rhesus monkey✓
- D. None
Explanation: C) Rhesus monkey: While the Rh antigen was named after the Rhesus monkey due to its initial discovery in Rhesus monkey blood, the discovery of its significance in human blood transfusions came first. The Rh factor was identified in humans in 1937, followed by its discovery in Rhesus monkey blood in 1940. So, while it was discovered in Rhesus monkeys after humans, the term "Rh" itself came from the Rhesus monkey.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Rh antigen is found in humans but it is first discovered in rhesus specie of monkey therefore this option is incorrect.
- B. B) Chirupanae: "Chirupanae" seems to be a misspelling or a term not commonly associated with any known concept related to the Rh antigen or blood types. It's possible that it's a typo or an unfamiliar term.
- D. D) None: This option is incorrect as the Rh antigen was indeed discovered, and its discovery has been significant in understanding blood transfusion compatibility and related medical practices.
Q4. Gland secreting calcitonin is...
- A. Thyroid gland✓
- B. Adrenal gland
- C. Parathyroid gland
- D. Pancreatic gland
Explanation: A) Thyroid: The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism. While the thyroid gland does produce calcitonin, it's not the primary gland associated with its secretion.So, the correct answer is A) Thyroid. The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin, which helps regulate calcium levels in the blood by inhibiting bone breakdown and promoting calcium excretion by the kidneys.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. B) Adrenal: The adrenal glands, specifically the adrenal cortex, produce hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, and some sex hormones. Calcitonin secretion is not associated with the adrenal glands.
- C. C) Parathyroid: The parathyroid glands, which are located near the thyroid gland, are responsible for producing parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the blood. However, calcitonin is secreted by the thyroid gland, not the parathyroid glands.
- D. D) Pancreatic: The pancreas is primarily responsible for producing hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels. While the pancreas does produce some other hormones like somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide, it doesn't secrete calcitonin.
Q5. Chromosomes were discovered by
- A. Robert Brown
- B. Walther Fleming✓
- C. Mendel
- D. Sutt
Explanation: B) Walther Fleming: Walther Fleming, a German biologist, is credited with the discovery of chromosomes. In 1879, Fleming observed thread-like structures in the nucleus of cells during his studies of salamander and insect cells, which he named "chromatin." He later termed these structures "chromosomes," and his work laid the foundation for our understanding of cell division and inheritance.So, the correct answer is B) Walther Fleming. He discovered chromosomes in 1879 during his studies of cell division in salamander and insect cells.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A) Robert Brown: Robert Brown was a Scottish botanist who discovered the cell nucleus in 1831 while studying plant cells. However, chromosomes were not discovered by Robert Brown.
- C. C) Mendel: Gregor Mendel, an Austrian scientist, is often called the father of modern genetics. In the 1860s, he conducted experiments on pea plants, establishing the basic principles of heredity. While Mendel's work was foundational to genetics, he did not discover chromosomes.
- D. D) Sutt: "Sutt" doesn't seem to refer to a well-known scientist or figure in the context of chromosome discovery. It's possible that it's a typo or an unfamiliar term.
Q6. Best growth in plants occurs at a temperature when....
- A. 5-10°C
- B. 20-25°C✓
- C. 10-15°C
- D. 10-35°C
Explanation: 20-25°C: This temperature range is often considered optimal for plant growth in many species. It's within the typical range of temperatures found in many temperate regions where a wide variety of plants thrive. At these temperatures, metabolic processes in plants are usually efficient, enzyme activity is optimal, and photosynthesis occurs at a good rate, leading to robust growth.Overall, the optimal temperature range for plant growth is typically around 20-25°C (option B). Within this range, most plants exhibit robust growth and metabolic activity, resulting in healthy development.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A) 5-10°C: This temperature range is generally too cold for optimal plant growth. While some plants may tolerate colder temperatures, their growth tends to slow down or even cease in such conditions. Very low temperatures can lead to frost damage, inhibit metabolic processes, and cause water in plant cells to freeze, which can damage cell structures.
- C. C) 10-15°C: While some plants, particularly cool-season crops, may grow reasonably well within this temperature range, it's generally not considered the best temperature range for overall plant growth. Growth rates tend to slow down as temperatures decrease, and metabolic processes may not be as efficient as they are at higher temperatures.
- D. D) 10-35°C: This temperature range is quite broad and encompasses a wide range of conditions. While some plants may tolerate temperatures within this range, growth rates can vary significantly depending on the species. Towards the upper end of this range (above 30°C), many plants may experience heat stress, leading to decreased growth rates, wilting, and other physiological problems.
Q7. Sun loving plants are called
- A. Hydrophytes
- B. Heliophytes✓
- C. Xerophytes
- D. Both B and C
Explanation: B) Heliophytes: Heliophytes are indeed sun-loving plants. They are adapted to thrive in environments with abundant sunlight. These plants often have features such as broad leaves or specific pigments to efficiently capture and utilize sunlight for photosynthesis.So, the most accurate answer is B) heliophytes. These are the plants specifically adapted to and known for their affinity for sunlight. However, it's worth noting that some sun-loving plants may also exhibit xerophytic adaptations (option D), but not all of them are xerophytes.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A) Hydrophytes: Hydrophytes are plants that thrive in aquatic environments, such as ponds, lakes, and marshes. These plants have adaptations to live in waterlogged conditions, but they are not typically referred to as "sun-loving" plants.
- C. C) Xerophytes: Xerophytes are plants that are adapted to arid or dry environments. While some xerophytes may tolerate sun exposure, not all of them are specifically "sun-loving." They are more known for their ability to survive in low-water conditions through adaptations such as succulence, reduced leaf surface area, and deep root systems.
- D. D) Both B and C: This option suggests that sun-loving plants are referred to as both heliophytes and xerophytes. While it's true that many sun-loving plants may also have adaptations for dry environments (xerophytes), not all sun-loving plants are necessarily xerophytes. Some sun-loving plants may thrive in moist or well-watered conditions.
Q8. How many genotypes are possible In human blood grouping?
- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. 4✓
- D. 5
Explanation: C) 4: This option is more accurate. In the ABO blood group system, the four possible genotypes are:1. Genotype IAIA or IAi: Individuals with this genotype have blood type A.2. Genotype IBIB or IBi: Individuals with this genotype have blood type B.3. Genotype IAIB: Individuals with this genotype have blood type AB.4. Genotype ii: Individuals with this genotype have blood type O.So, there are indeed four possible genotypes in the ABO blood group system.The correct answer is C) 4.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A) 2: This option suggests that there are only two possible genotypes for human blood grouping. However, the ABO blood group system involves multiple alleles, leading to more than two possible genotypes.
- B. B) 3: This option is closer to the correct answer but still insufficient. In the ABO blood group system, there are indeed three alleles involved: A, B, and O. Each individual inherits two alleles, resulting in several possible genotypes.
- D. D) 5: There are only four possible genotypes in the ABO blood group system, as explained above. Therefore, this option is incorrect.
Q9. The membrane surrounding the muscle fiber is called.
- A. Sarcolemma✓
- B. Periosteum
- C. erichondrium
- D. Pericardium
Explanation: The membrane surrounding the muscle fiber is called the sarcolemma. A) Sarcolemma: This is the correct answer. The sarcolemma is the specialized plasma membrane that surrounds each individual muscle fiber (cell). It is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the muscle cell and for controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. B) Periosteum: The periosteum is a dense layer of connective tissue that covers the surface of bones. It is not directly related to muscle fibers.
- C. C) Erichondrium: This term doesn't correspond to a structure commonly associated with muscle fibers or their membranes.
- D. D) Pericardium: The pericardium is a double-layered sac that surrounds the heart. It protects the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures but is not related to muscle fibers.
Q10. -Spindle fibres are formed of protein called.....
- A. Histone
- B. Actin
- C. Tubulin✓
- D. Troponin
Explanation: C) Tubulin: Tubulin is the correct answer. Spindle fibers, also known as microtubules, are composed of tubulin proteins. During cell division (mitosis and meiosis), spindle fibers form the mitotic spindle, which is responsible for separating chromosomes into daughter cells. Tubulin proteins assemble into long, dynamic filaments that make up the structure of spindle fibers.So, the correct answer is C) Tubulin. Spindle fibers are composed of tubulin proteins, which polymerize to form the dynamic microtubule structures essential for cell division.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A) Histone: Histones are proteins that are involved in the packaging of DNA into structural units called nucleosomes, which further coil to form chromatin. Histones play a role in gene regulation and DNA compaction within the cell nucleus. However, they are not directly involved in the formation of spindle fibers.
- B. B) Actin: Actin is a protein that forms microfilaments, which are involved in various cellular processes such as cell movement, cytokinesis, and maintenance of cell shape. Actin is not typically associated with the formation of spindle fibers.
- D. D) Troponin: Troponin is a protein complex found in muscle cells that regulates the contraction of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is not involved in the formation of spindle fibers.
Q11. The chromosome in which the center is present is called.
- A. Metacentric✓
- B. Telocentric
- C. Acrocentric
- D. Submetacentric
Explanation: A) Metacentric: In metacentric chromosomes, the centromere is positioned near the center, resulting in chromosome arms of roughly equal length on both sides. When the centromere divides, it produces two chromosome arms of approximately equal length. Human chromosome 1 is an example of a metacentric chromosome.Metacentric. This term specifically describes chromosomes with the centromere located near the center, resulting in chromosome arms of approximately equal length.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. B) Telocentric: Telocentric chromosomes have their centromere located very close to one end, resulting in one long chromosome arm and one very short arm. The centromere divides asymmetrically, producing a long arm (q arm) and a tiny, often unobservable short arm (p arm). Telocentric chromosomes are relatively rare in mammalian species.
- C. C) Acrocentric: Acrocentric chromosomes have their centromere positioned closer to one end than the other, resulting in one long arm and one short arm, with the short arm being much smaller than the long arm. The centromere division produces a long arm (q arm) and a shorter arm (p arm). Human chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22 are examples of acrocentric chromosomes.
- D. D) Submetacentric: Submetacentric chromosomes have their centromere positioned closer to one end than the other but not at the extreme end. This results in one long arm and one short arm, with the short arm being shorter than the long arm but not as short as in acrocentric chromosomes. When the centromere divides, it produces a longer arm (q arm) and a shorter arm (p arm). Human chromosome 3 is an example of a submetacentric chromosome.
Q12. The joints between the phalanges are the examples of....
- A. Socket joints
- B. Hinge Joints✓
- C. Pivot joints
- D. Both A and C
Explanation: B) Hinge joints: Hinge joints allow movement primarily in one direction, like the opening and closing of a door. They enable flexion and extension movements. The joints between the phalanges, particularly the interphalangeal joints, are classic examples of hinge joints because they primarily allow bending and straightening movements.So, the correct answer is B) hinge joints.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A) Socket joints: Socket joints, also known as ball-and-socket joints, are characterized by a rounded end of one bone fitting into a cup-like socket of another bone. Examples of socket joints include the hip joint and the shoulder joint. Joints between the phalanges do not typically exhibit this type of structure.
- C. C) Pivot joint: Pivot joints allow rotational movement around an axis. They are formed when a rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring or notch of another bone. An example of a pivot joint is the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlas and axis), allowing for rotation of the head. The joints between the phalanges do not typically exhibit this type of movement.
- D. D) Both A and C: This option suggests that the joints between the phalanges are examples of both socket joints and pivot joints, which is incorrect. While the socket joint allows for more mobility, and the pivot joint enables rotational movement, the primary movement at the joints between the phalanges is flexion and extension, characteristic of hinge joints.
Q13. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE SUDDEN CHANGE IN THE ECOSYSTEM ?
- A. Topography
- B. temperature
- C. Fire✓
- D. Soil
Explanation: C) Fire: Fire is the correct answer. Wildfires can cause sudden and dramatic changes in ecosystems. They can rapidly alter vegetation structure, soil composition, and habitat availability, leading to both immediate and long-term impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics. However, some ecosystems, such as those in fire-adapted regions, have evolved to depend on periodic fires for regeneration and species diversity.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A) Topography: Topography refers to the physical features of the land surface, such as elevation, slope, and relief. While changes in topography can influence local microclimates and habitat availability, they typically occur gradually over geological time rather than causing sudden changes in ecosystems.
- B. B) Temperature: Temperature changes can indeed have significant impacts on ecosystems, but they usually occur gradually over time or follow seasonal patterns. Sudden and extreme temperature changes, such as heatwaves or cold snaps, can stress or damage ecosystems, but they are often short-lived compared to other factors.
- D. D) Soil: Changes in soil properties, such as nutrient levels, pH, or composition, can influence ecosystem dynamics over time. However, these changes typically occur gradually and are often influenced by factors such as weathering, vegetation cover, and human activities. Sudden soil disturbances, such as landslides or volcanic eruptions, can indeed cause abrupt changes in ecosystems, but they are less common compared to other disturbances like fire.
Q14. Human Appendix, coccyx and nictitating membrane are
- A. Analogous organs
- B. Embryonic organs
- C. Vestigial organ✓
- D. Homologous organ
Explanation: C) Vestigial organ: Vestigial organs are structures that have lost most or all of their ancestral function in a species. They often have reduced size or functionality compared to homologous structures in related species. The human appendix, coccyx (tailbone), and nictitating membrane (also called the third eyelid, which is reduced in humans but present in some other mammals) are considered vestigial organs. They are remnants of structures that were more functional in the evolutionary ancestors of humans but have reduced or no function in modern humans.So, the correct answer is C) vestigial organ. The human appendix, coccyx, and nictitating membrane are considered vestigial organs because they are remnants of structures that were more functional in the evolutionary ancestors of humans but have reduced or no function in modern humans.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A) Analogous organ: Analogous organs are structures in different species that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins. For example, the wings of bats and birds are analogous organs because they both serve the function of flight, but they evolved independently in each group. The human appendix, coccyx, and nictitating membrane do not have analogous structures in other species that serve the same function.
- B. B) Embryonic organ: This term refers to organs or structures that are present during embryonic development but may not persist into adulthood or may develop into different structures. While these organs may have embryonic origins, it doesn't accurately describe the appendix, coccyx, and nictitating membrane, which are present in adults.
- D. D) Homologous organ: Homologous organs are structures that have similar evolutionary origins, indicating common ancestry, even if they may have different functions in different species. For example, the forelimbs of mammals, birds, and reptiles are homologous organs because they share a common evolutionary origin despite having different functions (e.g., walking, flying, swimming). The human appendix, coccyx, and nictitating membrane are not homologous organs because they do not have counterparts with similar functions in other species.
Q15. The recombinant DNA product, which is used toeat anemia is called.........
- A. Erytropoietin✓
- B. Jasulin
- C. Factor VIII
- D. None
Explanation: A) Erythropoietin (EPO): Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. While EPO is used medically to treat anemia, it is not a recombinant DNA product. However, synthetic forms of EPO produced using recombinant DNA technology are used in medical treatments for anemia, especially in conditions such as chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy-induced anemia.So, the correct answer is A) erythropoietin. While erythropoietin itself is not a recombinant DNA product, synthetic forms of EPO produced using recombinant DNA technology are used to treat anemia.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. B) Jasulin: "Jasulin" doesn't correspond to any known recombinant DNA product used to treat anemia. It seems to be a fabricated term or a product not commonly associated with anemia treatment.
- C. C) Factor VIII: Factor VIII is a blood clotting factor that is deficient in individuals with hemophilia A. While it's not used to treat anemia, it is sometimes used therapeutically to treat bleeding disorders. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce synthetic factor VIII for medical use.
- D. D) None: This option suggests that there is no recombinant DNA product used to treat anemia, which is incorrect. Recombinant DNA technology has led to the production of various therapeutic products, including erythropoietin (EPO) for anemia treatment.
Q16. Open water of the sea with rich flora and fauna is.......
- A. Neritic zone
- B. benthic Zone
- C. Pelagic Zone✓
- D. None
Explanation: C) Pelagic zone: The pelagic zone encompasses the open ocean, away from the coast and the ocean floor. It is divided into different layers based on depth and light penetration, such as the epipelagic (surface), mesopelagic, bathypelagic, and abyssopelagic zones. The pelagic zone supports a wide range of marine life, including plankton, fish, marine mammals, and seabirds.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. A) Neritic zone: The neritic zone refers to the shallow part of the ocean that extends from the low-tide line to the edge of the continental shelf. It is characterized by high levels of nutrients and supports diverse marine life, but it is not considered open water.
- B. B) Benthic zone: The benthic zone refers to the bottom region of the ocean, including the ocean floor and sediment layers. It is home to organisms like sea stars, worms, and certain fish species but is not the open water region.
- D. D) None: This option suggests that there is no specific term for the described open water area, which is incorrect. The open water of the sea with rich flora and fauna is indeed referred to as the pelagic zone.
Q17. Kwashiorkor disease is caused by deficiency of.....
- A. Protein✓
- B. Fats
- C. Carbohydrates
- D. Iron
Explanation: A) Protein: Kwashiorkor disease is primarily caused by a deficiency of protein. Protein is essential for growth, muscle development, and overall body function.
Why the other options are wrong
- B. B) Fats: While a lack of dietary fats can lead to other health issues, Kwashiorkor is specifically associated with protein deficiency.
- C. C) Carbs: Carbohydrates provide energy to our bodies, but they are not directly linked to the development of Kwashiorkor disease.
- D. D) Iron: Iron deficiency can lead to a different condition called iron-deficiency anemia, but it is not directly related to Kwashiorkor disease.
Q18. Plants growing in deserts are falledar
- A. Hydrophytes
- B. Xerophets
- C. Halophytes✓
- D. mesophyte
Q19. In temperate rain forest the annual rainfall is ranging between
- A. 1500-1800mm
- B. 2000-3000mm✓
More KPK / ETEA Solved Papers
Biology
Etea Mdcat 2005
161 solved MCQs
Biology
Etea Mdcat 2005
161 solved MCQs
Chemistry
Etea Mdcat 2006
170 solved MCQs
Biology
Etea Mdcat 2006
170 solved MCQs
Biology
Etea Mdcat 2008
198 solved MCQs
Biology
Etea Mdcat 2008
200 solved MCQs
Chemistry
Etea Mdcat 2009
200 solved MCQs
Biology
Etea Mdcat 2009
200 solved MCQs
Chemistry
Etea Mdcat 2010
200 solved MCQs